The Chinese term kung fu isn't just about martial arts history, as it describes any individual accomplishment or refined skill that is achieved after hard work. In that sense, the actual term kung fu can be used to describe any skill obtained in such a manner, not just those of the martial arts variety. Still, kung fu (also called gung fu) is widely used to describe a significant portion of the Chinese martial arts in the contemporary world. In this sense, the term is representative of highly varied martial systems that are somewhat difficult to trace. This is something that sets the Chinese arts apart from the majority of martial arts systems , where a clearer lineage is often known.

Kung fu is primarily a striking style of martial arts that utilizes kicks, blocks, and both open and closed hand strikes to defend against attackers. Depending on the style, kung fu practitioners may also possess knowledge of throws and joint locks. The art utilizes both hard (meeting force with force) and soft (using an aggressor's strength against them) techniques.